Artificial Intelligence is the study and design of Intelligent agents. It is a technology and a branch of computer science that studies and develops intelligent machines and software.

John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".

The scope of AI is disputed: as machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered as requiring "intelligence" are often removed from the definition, a phenomenon known as the AI effect, leading to the quip "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet." Capabilities generally classified as AI as of 2017 include successfully understanding human speech competing at a high level in strategic game systems, autonomous cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, military simulations, and interpreting complex data, including images and videos.

In this modern world, AI  has become an essential part of the technology industry.

Research associated with artificial intelligence is highly technical and specialized. The core problems of artificial intelligence include programming computers for certain traits such as:

• Knowledge
• Reasoning
• Problem solving
• Perception
• Learning
• Planning
• Ability to manipulate and move objects

Robotics is also a major field related to AI. Robots require intelligence to handle tasks such as object manipulation and navigation, along with sub-problems of localization, motion planning and mapping.

Some of the benefits and challenges of AI are listed below:

Benefits:

• Taking over the mundane repetitive task.
• Perform complex task in a fraction of the time it takes a human operator to complete.
• Producing outcomes that are easy to understand.
• AI machines can be deployed in hazardous environments, thus reducing risk to humans.
• They complement human effort.
• AI systems are generally more consistent and reliable than human beings.

Challenges and Risk:

• Developing a thinking AI systems are currently too difficult to achieve in practice.
• Widespread use of AI raises a number of ethical, moral and legal issues that are yet to be addressed.
• The benefit of AI technologies accrues to a few rich and wealthy owners of investment capital.
• Posses high negative impact on traditional skills and increasing inequality as a result.